Four function of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Four function of management - Essay Example unbroken line of authority that links all persons in an organization and shows who reports to whom while illustrating the authority structure of the organization. This whole process is an example of effective practice of managing by the managers of any organization. Thus, ‘Management’ can be defined as, the process in which managers carry out activities of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling to the achievement of organization’s overall goals and objectives1. Although different scholars and theorists have defined the ‘Management’ in their own meaningful perspective, Henri Fayol – the unarguably founder of modern management – has described it as, â€Å"A theoretical subject and practice of performing and integrating managerial skills2†. According to him, management can be classified into four major functions. These functions are as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning: Planning includes identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc. It is the ongoing process of developing the business mission and objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. It is the function of management, with which, management symbolizes and makes sure while directing employee efforts towards group and attainment of organizational goals. In this function, long-term success of an organization is attempted to be made sure by making it necessary to set immediate and long-term goals, while selecting the appropriate approaches for their accomplishment. By planning, managers try to find answers to questions where? What? How? Who? When? Why? etc. If we look at the example of Imran Khan3 – founder of a famous cancer hospital in Pakis tan – answered these questions in the late eighties and planned day in and day

Tension and Suspense the Novel and the Opening Scene of the Film Jaws E

Tension and Suspense the Novel and the Opening Scene of the Film Jaws Peter Benchley wrote "Jaws" the novel before it was made into a film directed by Steven Spielberg. "Jaws" is a thriller with the main aim being to build up suspense and tension. In the novel Peter Benchley uses many variations of language techniques to emphasise important points that build up suspense. He also uses sentence and paragraph structure to affect the reader in many different ways. Steven Spielberg on the other hand uses different camera angles and shots alongside lighting effects to create atmosphere and tension. In the background he uses music and sound effects to add to the dramatic visual images he creates. Finally Steven Spielberg uses specific dialogue to show the victims feelings and emotions. At the beginning of the film the soft, relaxing underwater noises of communicating sharks instantly sets the scene and creates the feeling of being deep underwater. The familiar beach sounds have a calming effect, which immediately lulls the audience into a false sense of security. The black screen that appears at the start of the film doesn't provide the audience with anything interesting to look at so the focus is strongly on the soundtrack. When the opening credits appear, the contrast between the bold, white credits and the plain black screen really stands out. The white credits could symbolize the innocence and vulnerability of the victims against the black, evilness of the shark. As the credits start to roll the first note of the chilling "Jaws" music is struck. The peaceful aquatic sounds are abruptly interrupted by the slow, deliberate minor strokes ... ... him and Chrissie really creates atmosphere. Every time the camera switches to the boy the audience is reminded of how frantic the atmosphere around Chrissie is. The contrast of these two opposite atmospheres makes the attack seem far worse in the film than in the novel. I think that the film involves the audience more than the novel because the use of camera shots can bring the audience close to the action. The shark's eye view is a very good shot and ultimately brings the audience into the middle of all the panic and confusion. It also build suspense as the audience can see exactly what the shark can see and when the shark is advancing towards Chrissie's legs they know exactly what the shark is aiming for. When the attack is going on the close-ups at water level make the audience feel like they're in the water.

Solid Waste Management In India Environmental Sciences Essay

In this study, some jobs in solid waste direction in India will be discussed every bit good as the attempts made by the authorities and the occupants of India to assist cut down the jobs in pull offing the solid waste generated by the occupants. Background map_of_india50.jpg India is known as one of the most thickly settled states in the universe. It appears to be the 2nd state to hold the highest figure of occupants. With the entire population of 1.2billions, the direction of solid waste in India has encountered jobs. Each twelvemonth, the population grew by 3-3.5 % , as this factor arises, the rate of solid waste coevals besides lift up to 1.3 % . The solid waste direction members in India must form and pull off the direction magnificently in order to supply a better life environment to the worlds, animate beings and workss. An first-class solid waste direction besides helps in supplying a good environment which has low pollutions including air, dirt, and H2O pollutions. Therefore, there are Torahs, regulations, ordinances, statute laws and regulations enforced by the authorities to do the citizens adhere to as one of the ways of pull offing the waste coevals. The chief metropoliss in India, Mumbai and New Delhi have appeared to be in the list of 25 Most Dirtiest Cities in The World. Mumbai and New Delhi placed at 7th and 24th topographic points severally which the latter is less soiled. Problem Waste direction is the chief job in India, faced with rapid population growing, disorganisation of metropolis authoritiess, a deficiency of public consciousness and engagement of public. Furthermore the inadequacy municipal solid waste aggregation and improper segregation of municipal solid waste and improper processing of solid waste can besides lend to chief jobs waste direction this is due to missing of some technique, actions and direction from governments to better municipal solid waste. Effects ON POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT Health issue is the major job in India as many of the disease came from the pollutions made by them. Health issue arise due to hapless waste direction for illustration is malnutrition, particularly the kids which is the status that develops when the organic structure does non acquire the right sum of the vitamins, minerals, and other foods it needs to keep healthy tissues and organ map. ( Medical dictionary,2012 ) Furthermore, wellness issue such as dandy fever, febrility, Hepatitis, TB, malaria, pneumonia, and besides hapless sanitation due to hapless waste direction. India besides ranked 3rd among the states with the most HIV affected. Due to hapless waste direction by the governments, handiness of clean and safe H2O is minimized because of people threw rubbish at the river and the quality of life will diminish. PROBLEM Resolution: THE MANAGEMENT There are many attacks done by the state in pull offing the solid waste coevals. One of the ways is by jurisprudence enforcement. These are the Torahs that are regulated in the state: – One of the governments that responsible is Centre of Environment and Development, Thiruvananthapuram ( CED ) is the Centre of Excellence ( CoE ) of Ministry f Urban Development, Government of India on â€Å" solid waste and Wastewater direction â€Å" . The chief aim of the ( CoE ) is to develop the scheme and model for solid waste direction ( SWM ) and Wastewater direction ( WWM ) in the Urban local organic structures ( ULBs ) of India and besides to established of a cognition Centre on solid waste and waste H2O direction. Example of waste direction system National Acts of the Apostless and regulations:NATIONAL ACTS AND RULESThe waterA ( bar and control of pollution ) Act, 1974 The H2O ( bar and command pollution ) regulations,1975 The H2O ( bar and command pollution ) CESS ACT, 1977 H2O A ( bar and control of pollution ) A CESS RULES, 1978 The air ( bar and control of pollution ) act, 1981 The environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 The Bio medical waste ( Management and managing ) regulations, 1998 Municipal solid waste ( direction and managing ) regulations 2000 The fictile waste ( direction and managing ) regulations, 2011 E-wasteA ( direction and managing ) regulations, A 2011 EPA -Rule and Implementation Information for Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills EPA-Non-hazardous Waste Regulations EPA Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Regulations Legislative acts, Regulations, and Regulatory Guidance Example of waste direction system in province of India: The Karnataka town and state planning act, 1961 Shimla municipal corporation ( sanitation and public wellness ) Bye-laws, 2004 Municipal Corporation of Brihanmumbai, municipal solid waste ( prohibition of littering and ordinance of segregation, storage, bringing & A ; aggregation ) regulations 2006 Greater Mumbai cleanliness and sanitation bye-laws 2006 Andrha Pradesh H2O resources regulative committee act – Andrha Pradesh H2O reform ( 2009 )TechniqueAction1.municipal solid wastes aggregationS State authorities should implement a new strategiy which prohibit littering of municipal solid waste in metropoliss towns and urban countries. The undermentioned stairss shall be taken by the municipal authorization: Organizing door-to-door aggregation of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, for illustration community bin aggregation ( cardinal bin ) , door-to-door aggregation, aggregation on regular pre-informed timings and programming by utilizing bell tintinnabulation of musical vehicle ( without transcending allowable noise degrees ) Planing a systematic manner and united attempt for aggregation of waste from poorness countries or vicinities including hotels, eating houses, office composites and commercial countries. Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall non be combined with municipal solid wastes and such wastes should follow the regulations individually specified for the intent. Horticultural and building or destruction wastes or debris shall be individually collected and disposed off following proper norms. Similarly, wastes generated at dairies shall be regulated in conformity with the State Torahs. Isolated animate beings such as Canis familiariss and cats shall non be allowed to travel about waste storage installations or at any other topographic point in the metropolis or town and shall be managed in conformity with the State Torahs. The municipal authorization shall advise waste aggregation agenda in vicinities.2.Segregation of municipal solid wastesSegregation stuffs should be done by municipal authorization by promote recycling and reused waste by create or organized an consciousness plans and run. The municipal authorization shall take in charge phased plans to guarantee community participate in waste segregation programmed. For this intent, the municipal governments shall set up regular meetings at quarterly intervals with representatives of local occupant public assistance associations and non-governmental organisations.3.Storage of municipal solid wastesMunicipal governments shall set up and keep storage installations in such a mode as they do non make unhygienic and in healthful conditions around it. There is some illustration standards shall be taken to set uping and keeping storage installations: The measures of waste coevals should be counted in order to make adequate storage installations in a given country and the population densenesss. Furthermore, a storage installation shall be so located that it is accessible to user. Storage installations to be set up by municipal governments or any other bureau shall be so designed that wastes stored are non exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly.4.Transportation system of municipal solid wastesVehicles used for transit of wastes shall be covered. Waste should non be seeable to public, nor exposed to open environment forestalling their sprinkling and unpleasant odor. The undermentioned standards shall be met is: The storage installations set up by municipal governments shall be daily attended for glade of wastes. The bins or containers wherever placed shall be cleaned before they start overruning.5.Processing of municipal solid wastesTo minimise load on landfill the municipal governments shall follow suited engineering or combination techniques to treat the municipal solid waste. The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermicomposting, anaerobiotic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilisation of solid waste. Assorted waste incorporating recoverable resources shall follow the path of recycling. Incineration with or without energy recovery including pelletisation can besides be used for treating wastes in specific instances. Municipal authorization or the operator of a installation wishing to utilize other state-of-the-art engineerings shall near the Central Pollution Control Board to acquire the criterions laid down earlier using for grant of mandate. RECCOMENDATIONS Even though the state already has Torahs, but there are one job that caused the direction to neglect ; the overpopulation. India is a underdeveloped state where the population exceeds the bound, low degree of instruction, hapless installations, unstable economic system and hapless hygiene. What our group could urge is encounter the overpopulation job. Overpopulation permits the more waste coevals which adds to more jobs to the preexistent waste direction. The direction must believe increasingly as the rate of the population progresses. Besides, the direction must be able to anticipate the approaching jobs in respect of the promoting rate of population. It is besides recommended that the authorities should set instruction as one of the precedences so that nearing the citizens sing the importance of appreciating the female parent ‘s nature would be easier.

Strategic Management Case Study Module 7 - 1115 Words

Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Daryl L. Young Thomas Edison State College Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Housing Bubble and Its Burst Case Study Question 1: Explain the cause of the housing bubble and its burst in the mid-2000s. To what extent is this problem the result of ethical failure? Housing Bubble No single cause can fully explain the crisis but, in my opinion, the two major bases were legislation that promoted homeownership and subprime mortgages. To fully understand the environment that spawned the housing bubble, we’ll have to travel back to the 1930s, when the country was in the midst of the Great Depression. During this time frame, homeownership represented only about 40 percent of the U.S.†¦show more content†¦5). Countrywides’ Role Case Study Question 2: Evaluate Countrywide’s role in the subprime mortgage debacle. Was the company’s conduct unethical or illegal? Countrywide’s Role From 2005 to 2007, Countrywide was the leading subprime lender in the country issuing $97.2 billion in subprime mortgages (Bloomberg Business Week, 2009) but only led in market share by 2 percent. The bottom 16 subprime mortgage-issuing firms accounted for $363.5 billion in mortgages (reference chart 1). Countrywide was responsible for 10 percent of a $1 trillion problem. Conduct Unethical or Illegal Countrywide practices were illegal. Countrywide was charged with predatory lending practices (Thompson et al., 2012) and later reached a multi-state settlement for $8.68 billion (Huffman, 2008). â€Å" Countrywide’s lending practices turned the American dream into a nightmare fore tens of thousands of families by putting them into loans they couldn’t understand and ultimately couldn’t afford,† said Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr., a co-leader of the negotiations for the states (Huffman, 2008). Countrywide settlement became the largest predatory lending settlement in history, dwarfing the nationwide $484 million settlement (Huffman, 2008). 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